Density, Mass and Volume Calculator (ρ = m/V)
Solve for density, mass or volume from the other two magnitudes using ρ = m/V, converting across 21 units: mass in µg, mg, g, kg, t, lb and oz; volume in µL, mL, cm³, L, dm³, m³ and ft³; density in kg/m³, g/L, g/cm³, g/mL, kg/L, t/m³ and lb/ft³. It accepts decimals and scientific notation such as 3.16e-10, and displays the result with 4 or 10 significant figures.
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When to use this tool
Determining the density of a sample from its mass and the volume it displaces; calculating the mass contained in a known volume of a reagent whose density is printed on the label; finding the volume a given mass will occupy; converting a tabulated density from g/cm³ to kg/m³ for use in physics calculations; and making a preliminary identification of a material by comparing its density against reference values.
How the formula is rearranged and what relative density means
Density is the ratio of mass to volume, ρ = m/V, which yields the other two rearrangements, m = ρ·V and V = m/ρ. It is worth remembering that 1 g/cm³ = 1 g/mL = 1 kg/L = 1 t/m³ = 1000 kg/m³ and that 1 g/L = 1 kg/m³: these are not separate conversions but the same quantity written differently, because 1 mL was defined as equal to 1 cm³. Relative density (or specific gravity) is the dimensionless ratio between the density of a substance and that of a reference, which you choose here: water, at the conventional value of 1000 kg/m³ at 4 °C that textbooks adopt (the experimental CRC Handbook value is 999.972 kg/m³ at 3.98 °C, a difference of 0.003 %); ISA air at 15 °C and 1.225 kg/m³, as a fixed basis for an explicit comparison; or your own reference, useful for water or air measured at your actual working conditions. The ratio against fixed air does not normalize temperature or pressure: to interpret it as vapour density, the gas and air densities must correspond to the same conditions. Two methodological caveats. First: density depends on temperature and reference conditions are not uniform across substances, so every catalog entry states its own — water is listed at 4 °C, mercury at 0 °C, the value that defines the mmHg, and air at the standard-atmosphere 15 °C — and the tool applies no thermal correction. Second: density alone does not identify a material uniquely, since different substances can share very similar values, which is why a hit is reported as compatibility within 2 % rather than as an identification. That is also why the catalog only lists substances whose density is a property of the substance at a statable temperature, leaving out materials such as woods, bone or tissue, whose value varies so much with species or composition that a single figure would be false precision.